What methods can be applied to verify PCB functionality and safety? Which are suitable for mass production and for prototypes? What parameters are checked in each test? How to check a PCB without ...

The evolution of PCBs from large and antiquated “printed wiring boards” to today’s fine-line designs on high-density interconnect (HDI) PCBs, IC substrates (ICS) and more, has been matched by ...

As electronic products move from prototyping to mass production, manufacturers must rely on efficient, scalable, and cost-effective manufacturing solutions. High volume PCB assembly plays a crucial ...

Testing is a key element of printed-circuit-board (PCB) design. If PCB testing is used at all stages of the production process, manufacturers can save resources and increase productivity by ensuring ...

There’s a growing trend, fed by everything from IP concerns to Suez Canal traffic jams, to bring manufacturing back to North America. This is more than just a commercial idea: The U.S.’s lack of ...

Most of us who have dabbled a little in electronics will have made our own printed circuit boards at some point. We’ll have rubbed on sticky transfers, laser-printed onto acetate, covered our clothing ...

It has taken almost a decade for automated optical inspection (AOI) systems to establish their place on PCB production lines. In the same period, the number of AOI vendors and the variety of AOI ...