Providing samples to customers is an important promotional tool for many businesses, and they are often used to encourage an immediate or future purchase. The way the sample is offered and contributes ...

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Among the most common types of experiments are comparative studies that contrast outcomes under different conditions such as male versus female, placebo versus drug, or before versus after treatment.

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Recording every individual in a population is impractical, unnecessary, and expensive (Magurran 1988). Instead community ecologists and scientists in general take replicated samples to represent the ...