Digital instruments sample analog waveforms and operate on the samples with the assurance that the data can be restored to continuous analog form. The sampling theorem states that a signal digitized ...

The Shannon–Hartley theorem provides a tool to quantify the information content of analog data. The theorem prescribes that unpredictability — the element of surprise — is the property that defines ...

Design linear discrete-time systems and filters and analyze their behavior. Represent continuous-time signals and linear systems in discrete time, so that such signals can be recovered in continuous ...

Previous articles in Planet Analog make mention of the “aliasing effect.” Most EEs agree in the importance of the aliasing effect as a noise source and take for granted that anti-aliasing filters are ...

Wavelets provide new capabilities for analyzing real-time signals. This introductory article provides an overview and presents the basic mechanisms involved in wavelets. In many signal processing ...

Shown is a simplified continuous-time sigma-delta ADC model, comprising a sigma-delta modulator and a decimation filter. The DT-S? input structure typically implements switched capacitors, and CT-S?