网络协议设计者不应当设计一个单一、巨大的协议来为所有形式的通信规定完整的细节，而应把通信问题划分成多个小问题，然后为每一个小问题设计一个单独的协议。这样做使得每个协议的设计、分析、时限和测试比较容易。协议划分的一个主要原则是确保 ...

A reference model is a virtual model which defines how communication should take place. It logically divides the processes which are required for the communication into layers. This concept is known ...

A technology stack comprises the layers of components or services that are used to provide a software solution or application. Traditional examples include the OSI seven-layer model, the TCP/IP model, ...