编者按：2026年1月，美国西北大学医学院Ankit Bharat团队在《Med》杂志报道了一例颠覆性的临床案例——一名33岁患者在双肺全切后，依靠一套自主研发的“全人工肺”（Total Artificial Lung, TAL）系统存活48小时，并成功接受双肺移植，术后近三年生活质量正常。本文基于原始文献及《Nature》新闻深度解读，梳理其技术细节、生理学原理及临床意义，供同行参考。

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